List of Resources on EMC-Related Functional Safety

Introduction

Where errors or malfunctions in electronics due to electromagnetic interference could possibly have safety implications, the resulting hazards and risks can fall through these loopholes, leaving users at risk from unsafe products or systems, and suppliers at financial risk from liability lawsuits and product recalls.

This issue is known as EMC-Related Functional Safety. Read Keith Armstrong's article on EMC-Related Functional Safety

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Contents

1 Relevant Standards and Guides

2 EMC-Related Functional Safety? Seminar, London, 22nd March 2001

3 Workshop on Functional Safety and EMC, EMC Europe 2000, Brugge, Sept 2000

4 Articles, Papers, Publications etc. which include EMC-related Functional Safety Issues

Additional resources and information on EMC-related Functional Safety Issues are available from Keith Armstrong (Chairperson of IEE Working Group on EMC and Functional Safety)

1. Relevant Standards and Guides

EMC for Machinery Safety and Compliance with the Machinery Safety Directive
EMC Test Labs Association (EMCTLA) Technical Guidance Note number 45 (TGN45) 

EMCD / LVD guidance document (EMC for Compliance with the Low Voltage Directive)
EMC Test Labs Association (EMCTLA) Technical Guidance Note number 46 (TGN46)

PD ROBT-004 : 2002 EC Directives, functional safety and the role of CENELEC standardisation

IEC 61511 functional safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector https://domino.iec.ch/webstore/home.nsf/webstore_search.htm?OpenPage
Based on IEC 61508

MIL-STD-464, 18 March 1997 Department of Defense Interface Standard - Electromagnetic Environment Effects - Requirements for Systems 
Contains advice based on experience with EMC-related reliability and functional safety issues in the USA's military forces.

IEC/TS 61000-1-2:2001 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) ? Part 1-2: General ? Methodology for the achievement of the functional safety of electrical and electronic equipment with regard to electromagnetic phenomena

IEE Guidance document on EMC and Functional Safety
Institution of Electrical Engineers, London, 2000.

IEC 61508 (seven parts) Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems

Safecheck: a practical guide to using IEC 61508
Developed by Professor John Catrysse, KHBO University, Belgium.

For more details on general EMC standards please see our list of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) - Just published reports

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2. 'EMC-Related Functional Safety' seminar

EFT2001 conference, The ExCel Centre, London UK, 22nd March 2001.

Why we now need to consider EMC for functional safety
Dr Peter Kerry, Radiocommunications Agency, President of CISPR

Functional safety and IEC 61508
Ron Bell, Head of Electrical and Control Systems Unit, Health and Safety Executive

The draft IEC 61000-1-2: "EMC and functional safety"
Simon Brown, Principal Specialist Inspector, Health and Safety Executive

A procedure for managing EMC to achieve functional safety
Keith Armstrong, Partner, Cherry Clough Consultants

Healthcare
Vic Clements, RFI Technology Ltd

Offshore oil and gas
Roger Emberson, Head of Telecommunications, Kvaerner Oil and Gas

Rail transport
Dr Bob Holmes, Green Leader Ltd

Road transport
Chris Marshman, Director, York EMC

Software issues
Dr David Ward, Manager Advanced Engineering, Electrical Group, Motor Industry Research Association (MIRA)

Controlling EMC in heavy engineering projects
John Whaley, Director, World Wide International Electrical Approvals

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3. Workshop on Functional Safety and EMC, EMC Europe 2000, Brugge, September 2000

Introduction of the IEC and CENELEC work on Functional Safety
Georges Goldberg, Convenor IEC TC 77, WG 14
This paper was presented at the 4th European Symposium, Brugge, September 2000

Example of the application of IEC 61000-1-2
Dick Groot Boerle, Thomson CSF ? Signaal, NL, member WG 14
This paper was presented at the 4th European Symposium, Brugge, September 2000

Introduction to IEC 61508 in relation to electromagnetic effects
Simon J Brown and Neil A Gove, Health and Safety Executive, UK
This paper was presented at the 4th European Symposium, Brugge, September 2000

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4. Other articles, papers, publications etc. which include EMC-related functional safety issues

EMC-Related Functional Safety: Improving the Assessment Approach
Keith Armstong, Compliance Engineering's 2004 Annual Refererence Guide, pages 146-158

ERA's long-term contribution to making Terminal Five safer
Dr Cristophe Dognon, ERA newsletter Winter 2003 edition, page 1

GE/RT8015 and Safety
Jeff Allan, David Bulgin, IEE Seminar "EMC Assurance in a railway environment", 9th September 2003 pages 4/1-4/5 

Review of Progress with EMC-Related Functional Safety
Keith Armstrong, IEEE 2003 Symposium on EMC, Boston, August 18-22 2003, pages 454-460 in the Symposium Record: 0-7803-7835-0/03

Practical approach to actual EMC/GSM testing in tthe Paris "Metro" subway and Regional transit Systems 
Alain Azoulay, Jean-Dominique Tomec, IEEE 2003 Symposium on EMC, Boston, August 18-22 2003 pages 404-408 in the symposium Record: 0-7803-7835-0/03

EMC and Functional Safety in Healthcare Applications
Keith Armstrong, Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM) conference: "Practical Methods of Mitigation of EMF and EMI Hazards within Hospitals", York, U.K, 28th January 2003, page 38

EMC-related Functional Safety - an update
Keith Armstong, EMC Compliance Journal, Issue 44, January 2003, pp. 24-30

Commission Opinion - Safety of Toasters - 2002/C 300/04
This 'opinion' makes it clear that complying with EN 61335-2-9 does not cover issues where interfernce could affect electronically controlled appliances

EMC and Safety under the LVD, 72/23/EEC
Peter Burt in ERA's Safety and EMC Newsletter, No. 66, December 2002, pp.7-10.  Contact safety.emc@era.co.uk for back issues

Readers Comments
Keith Armstong, in ERA's Safety and EMC Newsletter, No. 66, December 2002, pp. 2-3.  Contact safety.emc@era.co.uk for back issues

Safety Aspects of EMC - Case Study of a Prosecution
Simon Brown, UK Helath and Safety Executive, presented at Club Europeen North West, 12th November 2002.  Contact Stewart@directives.co.uk for a copy

On the Necessity of EMC Management Plans for Fixed Installations
Christophe Dognon of ERA Technology Ltd, France, in ERA's SAfety and EMC Newsletter No. 65, October 2002, pages 5-7.  Contact safety.emc@era.co.uk for back issues

New guidance on EMC and Safety for machinery manufacturers
Keith Armstrong, 2002 IEEE International Symposium, Minneapolis, August 19-23 2002.  Conference Proceedings: ISBN: 0-7803-7264-6 pp 680-685

EMC and Functional Safety, Impact of IEC 61000-1-2
Dick J.Boerle of Thales Nederland B.V IEEE 2002 International EMC Symposium Minneapolis, August 19-23 2002.  Conference Proceedings: ISBN: 0-7803-7264-6 pp 353-358

The Case for Combining EMC and Environmental Testing
William H Parker, Wayne Tustin and Tony Masone, ITEM 2002, pages 54-6o.  Contact info@interferencetechnology.com for back issues

EMC Assurance in Safety Critical Applications
Ade Ogunsola of ALSTROM, paper presented to North West Club Europeen meeting at Salford University, UK, 10th April 2002. Contact Stewart@directives.co.uk for a copy

Smart Appliances and EMC
Nissen Isakov, Appliance Manufacturer, March 2002, pp 16-17

EMC-Related Functional Safety
Keith Armstrong, ITEM UPDATE 2001, pp 41-43.  Contact www.rbitem.com for back issues.

EMC & Functional Safety
Prof. ir. J. Catrysse, KHBO (Belgium), Workshop 23: EMV '01 (Augsberg) 14th March 2001

Bridging the gap between EMC and Functional Safety
Keith Armstrong, Club Europeen North West meeting, 15th February 2001, Celestica, Kidsgrove UK.  Contact stewart@directives.co.uk for a copy

Combined effects of several, simultaneous, EMI couplings
Michael Mardiguian, IEEE 2000 International Symposium on EMC, Washington DC, August 21-25 2000, pages 181-184 in the conference proceedings, ISBN 0-7803-5680-2

Electromagnetic compatibility in hospital corridors
D Davis, B Segal, A Cinquino, K Hoege, R Mastrocola, T Pavlasek, IEEE International Symposium on EMC, Seattle, August 1999, pp. 268-272

Electromagnetic compatibility of medical devices with mobile communications
Medical Devices Agency, MDA Device Bulletin 9702, March 1997

Electronic systems failures and anomolies attributed to electromagnetic interference
NASA Reference Publication 1374, R.D. Leach and M.B. Alexander, Editor, July 1995

EMC for Machinery
Keith Armstrong, EMC York 2002 Conference, 4 Jun 02. Paper reproduced by kind permission of York EMC Services.

EMC-related Functional Safety of Electronically Controlled Equipment
Keith Armstrong, Compliance Engineering European Edition 2001 Annual Reference Guide, pp 16-23

EMC-Related Functional Safety
Keith Armstrong, ITEM UPDATE 2001

EMC and Functional Safety
Keith Armstrong, IEE Review November 2000, pp 34-37

EMC and Functional Safety ? IEE Guidance
Keith Armstrong, EMC York 2000 Conference, University of York, UK, 10-11 June 2000. Paper reproduced by kind permission of York EMC Services.

Banana Skins
A regular column in the EMC + Compliance journal for the last couple of years, briefly describing instances where EMC problems have been experienced. Some of the items in this series concern safety issues.

Nasa Aviation Safety Reporting System - report 1st May 2002 - Passenger Electronic Devices
50 reports of aviation safety incidents involving personal electronic devices (PEDs) only some of which are concerned with interference.

EMC Assurance in Safety Critical Applications
Ade Ogunsola of ALSTOM, paper presented to North West Club Européen meeting at Salford University, UK, 10 April 2002. Contact stewart@directives.co.uk for a copy.

Safety Implications of EMC
John Whaley, wwIEA, Approval, March/April 2002 pp 25-29 and May/June 2002 pp 19-21.
For more information contact John Whaley.

EMC design considerations for medical products
Anthony A. Dibiase, ITEM UPDATE 2001, pp 41-43

Machinery Safety and the EMC Directive
John Whaley, Approval 2001 Conference, Blenheim Palace, 26-27 November 2001
For more information contact John Whaley

Immunity testing for active implantable cardiovascular devices
Daniel D. Hooloihan, ITEM 2001, pp 45-48

EMC challenges for electronic systems
William A. Radasky, Compliance Engineering, 2001 Annual Reference Guide

Do we ever take risks?
John Baden Fuller, IEE Engineering Management Journal, June 2001, pp 98-100.
This article is available to subscribers only via IEE Online Journals.

Rise in radio signals worries safety experts
Electronics Times, 9th April 2001, pp 1 + 52

EMC Directive: how safe is safe?
Electronics Times, 9th April 2001, p 16

Cellular phone interference with external cardiopulmonary monitoring devices
Jeffrey L. Tri, David L. Hayes, Thomas T. Smith and Rodney P. Severson, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Vol. 76 (1), p 11

Addressing the risk of EMC problems with mobile radio transmitters
Ian D. Flintoff, Martin P. Robinson, Stuart J. Porter, Andrew C. Marvin, Compliance Engineering, Sept/Oct 2000, pp 30-38

Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (EMI): What is the threat and what can we do about it?
Manuel W. Wik, William A. Radasky, Robert L. Gardner, presented at EMC 2000, Wroclaw, Poland, June 2000.

Electromagnetic compatibility strategy for the future
William A. Radasky, Metatech Corporation, presented at EMC 2000, Wroclaw, Poland, June 2000.

EMC and Functional Safety
A synopsis of the IEE?s Guidance Document on EMC and Functional Safety.

The applicability of the EMC Directive to Machinery Safety Assessment
Tony Leathart, Compliance Engineering, 2000 Annual Reference Guide (USA edition), pp 248-253

FDA Public Health Advisory: Risk of Electromagnetic Interference with Medical Telemetry Systems
FDA, 10 July 2000

TETRA the Noise Source: preventing interference
Tim Jarvis, Compliance Engineering, May/June 2000, pp 36-38

Update on medical devices and EMC
Daniel D. Hoolihan, ITEM 2000, pp 82-85

The problems of success (low-power radio congestion)
Helmut Meier, IEE Review, January 2000, pp 38-40
This article is available to subscribers only via IEE Online Journals.

EMC for Systems and Installations, Section 1.2.3 ?Safety Aspects?
Tim Williams and Keith Armstrong, Newnes 2000, pp 11-12, ISBN: 0-7506-4167-3

IMO Resolution A.813 (19): 1995 "General requirements for Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) for all electrical and electronic ship?s equipment"
International Maritime Organisation resolution quoted in IEC 60533, Nov 1999 Edition 2.

With cellphones and pacemakers, recent research recommend caution
Electronic Design, 18 Oct 1999, pp 32H

Considerations on Safety and EMC
R. De Vré, Annex A to EU document CLC(SG)765 C210(Sec)151, 12/05/99, pp 6-7

Planar separation effects: Pacemakers and wireless phones
F. Hank Grant, Robert E. Schlegel, Compliance Engineering, 1999 Annual Reference Guide

Report of the SLIM III team on the electromagnetic compatibility directive (89/336/EEC as amended), Final version, Brussels 24 September 1998
(especially paragraphs 12-14 and recommendations R5 and R7, all on p 8)
SLIM III documents and drafts of the 2nd edition EMCD may be obtained from: http://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/electr_equipment/emc/slim/review.htm

Guidance on electromagnetic compatibility of medical devices for clinical/biomedical engineers - Part 1: Radiated radio-frequency electromagnetic energy
AAMI (Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation) Technical Information Report TIR18-RCO, December 1997

The IEE?s 10th International EMC Conference
Keith Armstrong, The EMC Journal, October 1997, pp 13-15

EMC management for hazardous installations
Workshop chaired by Peter Ridley, IEE 10th International conference on EMC, Warwick, UK, September 1-3 1997

The electromagnetic environment and its impact on EMC and safety
Keith Armstrong, The EMC Journal, June 1997 edition, pp 20-25

SN 2001 (06) Update onElectromagnetic compatibility of medical devices with mobile communications: TETRA (Terrestrial Trunked Radio System) and outise media broadcasts from hospital premises
Medical Devices Agency, March 2001

Electromagnetic compatibility for medical devices: Issues and solutions
FDA/AAMI (Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation) Conference 1995, Report reference EMC95-CS

Electromagnetic compatibility in critical applications: How can it be managed and taught?
R.C.Marshall, IEE Engineering Science and Education Journal, October 1994, pp 206-212
This article is available to subscribers only via IEE Online Journals .

Dangers of interference. EMC and Safety
Simon Brown, IEE Review July 1994 (special supplement on EMC), pp S11-S13
This article is available to subscribers only via IEE Online Journals .

Performance degradation of electronic medical devices due to electromagnetic interference
J.L.Silberberg, Compliance Engineering, Vol. X, No. 5, pp 25-39, 1993

EMC in high integrity electronic systems
IEE Colloquium, Friday 17 May 1991, Digest No. 1991/104. IEE colloquia and other publications may be purchased from: IEE Publication Sales, phone: +44(0)1438 313 311, fax: +44 (0)1438 313 465, e-mail: sales@iee.org.uk. Colloquia digests cost around £20 each.

Introduction to EMC for Functional Safety
Keith Armstrong, EMC-UK 2004 Conference, Newbury UK, October 18-19 2004, pp 116-123, Proceedings available from Nutwood UK, sales@nutwood.eu.com

Developments in IEC 61000-1-2
Simon Brown,  EMC-UK 2004 Conference, Newbury UK, October 18-19 2004, Proceedings available from Nutwood UK, sales@nutwood.eu.com

Supplying EMC Services on London Underground Projects
Dominic Kelsey, EMC-UK 2004 Conference, Newbury UK, October 18-19 2004, pp 64-68, Proceedings available from Nutwood UK, sales@nutwood.eu.com

Supplying EMC Services on London Underground Projects
Peter Dorey, EMC-UK 2004 Conference, Newbury UK, October 18-19 2004, pp 59-63, Proceedings available from Nutwood UK, sales@nutwood.eu.com

Functional safety requires much more than EMC testing
Keith Armstrong, EMC-Europe 2004 (International Symposium on EMC), Eindhoven, The Netherlands, September 6-10 2004, pp 348-353, ISBN: 90-6144-990-1

The Jammed Wheelchair: A Case Study of EMC and Functional Safety
Dick Groote Boerle, Frank Leferink, EMC-Europe 2004 (International Symposium on EMC), Eindhoven, The Netherlands, September 6-10 2004, pp 342-347, ISBN: 90-6144-990-1

EMC for Functional Safety
Keith Armstrong, 2004 IEEE Symposium on Product Safety Engineering, Santa Clara, August 13-15 2004

Portable Wireless Device Threat Assessment for Aircraft Navigation Radios
T X Nhuyen, S V Koppen, J J Ely, R A Williams, L J Smith, M T P Salud, 2004 IEEE International EMC Symposium, Santa Clara, August 9-13 2004, pp 809-814, CD-ROM: ISBN 0-7803-8444-X; Softcover: ISBN 0-7803-8443-1

Why EMC Immunity Testing is Inadequate for Functional Safety
Keith Armstrong, 2004 IEEE International EMC Symposium, Santa Clara, August 9-13 2004, pp 145-149, CD-ROM: ISBN 0-7803-8444-X; Softcover: ISBN 0-7803-8443-1

Correlations between EMI Statistics and EMC Market Surveillance in Finland
Jyri Rajamäki, 2004 IEEE International EMC Symposium, Santa Clara, August 9-13 2004, CD-ROM: ISBN 0-7803-8444-X; Softcover: ISBN 0-7803-8443-1 pp 649-654

Introduction to EMC for Functional Safety
Keith Armstrong, 2004 IEEE International EMC Symposium (TC-8 Workshop), Santa Clara, August 9-13 2004, CD-ROM: ISBN 0-7803-8444-X; Softcover: ISBN 0-7803-8443-1 Workshop Volume pp 434-443

Scenarios for the requirements of electrical products with a built-in radio device
Jyri Rajamäki, XXVIII Convention on Radio Science & IV Finnish Wireless Communication Workshop, University of Oulu, October 16-17 2003.